Which of the following is a commonly used thiazide diuretic?

Hydrochlorothiazide is a commonly used thiazide diuretic that effectively lowers blood pressure and helps manage fluid retention. Thiazide diuretics work by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water. This diuretic effect reduces blood volume and subsequently decreases blood pressure over time. Hydrochlorothiazide is frequently prescribed for the treatment of hypertension and edema associated with congestive heart failure.

Other choices involve different classes of medications. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, primarily used in conditions such as heart failure and hyperaldosteronism. Furosemide is a loop diuretic, which is more potent than thiazides and primarily used in conditions requiring significant diuresis, like acute pulmonary edema or heart failure. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker indicated for hypertension and angina, but it does not act as a diuretic. Each of these agents has a specific role in treatment, differing from the mechanism and use of thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide.