Which class of agents is known to cause gingival hyperplasia?

Calcium channel blockers are known to cause gingival hyperplasia as a side effect. This condition involves the overgrowth of gum tissue, leading to enlarged gums that can become inflamed and painful. It results from the medication's effects on the tissues and their blood supply, leading to increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition.

Gingival hyperplasia is particularly associated with certain calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, amlodipine, and verapamil. Understanding this side effect is critical for healthcare providers when prescribing these medications, as they need to counsel patients about potential oral hygiene issues and the importance of regular dental check-ups.

While diuretics, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and ACE inhibitors can have various side effects, they are not commonly associated with gingival hyperplasia, making this particular side effect relatively specific to calcium channel blockers.