What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors?

ACE inhibitors primarily function by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. By blocking this enzyme, ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.

The reduction in angiotensin II levels leads to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and reduced workload on the heart. Additionally, by decreasing angiotensin II production, there is a subsequent reduction in aldosterone secretion, which decreases sodium and water retention, further contributing to the reduction in blood pressure.

Understanding the specifics of this mechanism helps clarify why ACE inhibitors are often prescribed for hypertension and heart failure management, illustrating their role in effectively controlling blood pressure through a targeted approach in the RAAS pathway.