What is the consequence of suddenly discontinuing beta-blockers?

Suddenly discontinuing beta-blockers can lead to rebound hypertension, which refers to an acute increase in blood pressure that occurs after the abrupt cessation of the medication. This effect is primarily due to the overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system and an increase in the production of renin, leading to elevated levels of angiotensin II and subsequently increasing blood pressure. In patients who have been on beta-blockers for a long time, the body may have adjusted to their effects; therefore, stopping the medication suddenly can lead to exaggerated responses, resulting in heightened blood pressure levels.

Maintaining a stable blood pressure is often seen when beta-blockers are used consistently; when they are stopped too quickly, however, the body can struggle to regulate blood pressure effectively. Decreased heart rate is generally a result of the action of beta-blockers, and discontinuing them would likely not cause a decrease in heart rate; instead, it may lead to an increase as the cardiovascular system resumes normal sympathetic activity without the dampening effects of the medication. Thus, the consequence of abruptly stopping beta-blockers primarily manifests as rebound hypertension.