What are common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive crisis?

The signs and symptoms of a hypertensive crisis are critical to recognize, as this condition can lead to serious complications such as stroke, heart attack, or organ failure. Severe headache and altered mental status are indeed hallmark indicators of a hypertensive crisis.

In a hypertensive crisis, the severe headache typically arises from the sudden increase in blood pressure which can cause discomfort and may even signal potential complications like hypertensive encephalopathy. Additionally, altered mental status can occur due to the effect of high blood pressure on the brain, leading to confusion, decreased responsiveness, or even loss of consciousness.

The other choices present symptoms that might occur in various conditions but are not specific to a hypertensive crisis. For instance, dizziness and insomnia may be experienced in less severe hypertension or unrelated health issues. Frequent urination and fatigue could suggest other health problems, such as diabetes or kidney issues. Lastly, abdominal pain and nausea may be signs of other gastrointestinal issues rather than a direct result of a hypertensive crisis. Therefore, recognizing the severe headache and altered mental status is key in the context of a hypertensive crisis.